References

A. The Bible

The Holy Bible, King James Version (Authorized Version, 1611; standard text, Oxford, 1769). All Scripture quotations and Scripture citations in this book are from the KJV, cited in the text as (Book chapter:verse). A chapter-by-chapter index of the passages cited follows in Section D.

B. Ancient and Historical Primary Sources

Cited in the text by author and short title, with the standard book, chapter, and section numbers.

Aristeas. Letter of Aristeas. Late second century BC. Account of the translation of the Law into Greek (cited as Aristeas).

Athanasius. Festal Letter 39 (AD 367). In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series 2, vol. 4, edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994.

Augustine. On Christian Doctrine (De doctrina christiana), books 1–2. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series 1, vol. 2, edited by Philip Schaff. Reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994.

Babylonian Talmud. Tractates Baba Batra (14b) and Menahot (29–32). Mishnah, tractate Yadayim (3.5).

Bede. Ecclesiastical History of the English People, book 4, chapter 24 (on Caedmon). Completed AD 731.

Council of Carthage (Third), AD 397, and Synod of Hippo, AD 393. Canons on the list of Scripture. See Metzger 1987.

Council of Trent. Session 4, Decree Concerning the Canonical Scriptures, 8 April 1546.

Cuthbert. Letter on the Death of Bede. Eighth century.

Cyril of Jerusalem. Catechetical Lectures, 4.36. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series 2, vol. 7, edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994.

Erasmus, Desiderius. Paraclesis (preface to the Greek New Testament, 1516).

Eusebius of Caesarea. Ecclesiastical History (Hist. eccl.), books 3, 4, and 6. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series 2, vol. 1, edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. (Contains the quotations of Papias at 3.39, Melito at 4.26, and Origen at 6.25.)

Foxe, John. Acts and Monuments (the Book of Martyrs). 1563. Account of William Tyndale.

Irenaeus. Against Heresies (Haer.), books 1, 3, and 5. In Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1, edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994.

Jerome. Prologus Galeatus (Helmet Prologue to the books of Samuel and Kings); Preface to the Books of Solomon (Pref. Sol.); Commentary on Isaiah, prologue (Comm. Isa.). In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series 2, vol. 6, edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994.

Josephus, Flavius. Against Apion (Ag. Ap.), 1.37–43; Antiquities of the Jews (Ant.), book 12. In The Works of Josephus, translated by William Whiston. Reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1987.

Justin Martyr. First Apology (1 Apol.), chapter 67. In Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1, edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994.

Muratorian Fragment. Late second century (some scholars argue for the fourth century). Latin canon list discovered by L. A. Muratori and published in 1740.

Prologue to the Wisdom of Jesus Son of Sirach (Sirach). c. 132 BC.

The Translators to the Reader. Preface to the King James Version. London: Robert Barker, 1611.

The Westminster Confession of Faith (Westminster Confession). 1646. Chapter 1, “Of the Holy Scripture.”

C. Modern Works

Barkay, Gabriel, Marilyn J. Lundberg, Andrew G. Vaughn, and Bruce Zuckerman. 2004. “The Amulets from Ketef Hinnom: A New Edition and Evaluation.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 334: 41–71.

Beckwith, Roger T. 1985. The Old Testament Canon of the New Testament Church and Its Background in Early Judaism. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Bruce, F. F. 1984. The Books and the Parchments. Rev. ed. Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revell.

Bruce, F. F. 1988. The Canon of Scripture. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.

Daniell, David. 2003. The Bible in English: Its History and Influence. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Geisler, Norman L., and William E. Nix. 1986. A General Introduction to the Bible. Rev. ed. Chicago: Moody Press.

Kenyon, Frederic G. 1939. Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts. 4th ed. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.

Metzger, Bruce M. 1977. The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Metzger, Bruce M. 1987. The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Metzger, Bruce M., and Bart D. Ehrman. 2005. The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press.

Nicolson, Adam. 2003. God’s Secretaries: The Making of the King James Bible. New York: HarperCollins.

Sanneh, Lamin. 1989. Translating the Message: The Missionary Impact on Culture. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.

Schaff, Philip. 1910. History of the Christian Church. 8 vols. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.

Tov, Emanuel. 2012. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. 3rd rev. ed. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.

United Bible Societies and Wycliffe Global Alliance. Annual statistics on Scripture translation, available from each organization. (Figures cited in chapter 12 are approximate and change yearly.)

Wegner, Paul D. 2006. A Student’s Guide to Textual Criticism of the Bible: Its History, Methods and Results. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.

D. Index of Scripture Passages Cited, by Chapter (KJV)

Chapter 1: God Speaks: Revelation, Inspiration, and Authority. Genesis 1:3; Psalm 33:6; Psalm 19:1; Psalm 82; Psalm 12:6; Psalm 19:7; Isaiah 55:11; Matthew 4:4; Matthew 5:18; Matthew 4:4, 7, 10; Luke 24:27, 44; John 1:1, 14; John 5:39; John 10:35; John 17:17; Romans 1:19-20; Galatians 3:16; 1 Thessalonians 2:13; 2 Timothy 3:16; 2 Timothy 3:15, 17; Titus 1:2; Hebrews 1:1-2; Hebrews 1:3; Hebrews 6:18; Hebrews 4:12; 2 Peter 1:20-21; 2 Peter 1:21; Revelation 19:13.

Chapter 2: The Library of Heaven: Structure, Languages, and Writing Materials. Exodus 31:18; Jeremiah 31:31; Jeremiah 36:2; Jeremiah 36:18; Luke 22:20; Luke 24:44; 2 Corinthians 3:14; Galatians 4:4; 2 Timothy 4:13; 2 John 12; 3 John 13.

Chapter 3: How the Old Testament Was Written. Exodus 17:14; Exodus 24:4; Deuteronomy 31:24-26; Joshua 8:31; Joshua 24:26; 1 Samuel 10:25; 2 Samuel 23:1; 1 Kings 11:41; 1 Kings 14:19; 1 Kings 4:32; 2 Kings 14:6; 1 Chronicles 29:29; 2 Chronicles 9:29; Ezra 7:6, 10; Nehemiah 8:1; Nehemiah 8:8; Proverbs 25:1; Isaiah 8:16; Jeremiah 36; Jeremiah 36:2, 4, 18; Jeremiah 36:32; Habakkuk 2:2; Luke 24:27; John 5:46-47; Acts 15:21.

Chapter 4: How the Old Testament Canon Was Recognized. Deuteronomy 31:26; Deuteronomy 17:18-19; Deuteronomy 4:2; 2 Chronicles 34:14-31; 2 Chronicles 24:20-21; Daniel 9:2; Zechariah 7:12; Matthew 19:4-5; Matthew 12:39-41; Luke 24:44; Luke 17:28-32; Luke 11:51; John 10:27; Romans 3:2.

Chapter 5: How the Old Testament Was Preserved. Numbers 6:24-26; Deuteronomy 4:2; Psalm 12:6-7; Isaiah 40:8; Matthew 5:18; Matthew 24:35.

Chapter 6: The World the Bible Entered: Between the Testaments. Ezra 3–6; Nehemiah 1–6; Daniel 8:9-14; Mark 7:13; Acts 21:39; Acts 17:2; Galatians 4:4.

Chapter 7: How the New Testament Was Written. Deuteronomy 25:4; Deuteronomy 4:2; Proverbs 30:5-6; Luke 1:1-4; Luke 10:7; John 8:6; John 14:26; John 16:13; John 20:31; Acts 1:21-22; Acts 1:1; 1 Corinthians 9:1; Colossians 4:16; 1 Thessalonians 5:27; 1 Thessalonians 2:13; 1 Timothy 5:18; 2 Peter 1:16; 2 Peter 3:16; 1 John 1:1; Revelation 22:18-19.

Chapter 8: How the New Testament Canon Was Recognized. John 10:27.

Chapter 9: The Manuscripts and the Text of the New Testament. Matthew 28:19; Mark 16:9-20; John 18:31-33, 37-38; John 7:53–8; John 1:1, 14; Acts 5:3-4; 2 Corinthians 13:14; 1 Peter 1:25; 1 John 5:7.

Chapter 10: Early Translations and the Latin Bible. Nehemiah 8:8; Psalm 40:6-8; Matthew 28:19; Acts 2:8; Hebrews 10:5-7; Revelation 7:9.

Chapter 11: The English Bible: From Wycliffe to the King James Version. .

Chapter 12: The Bible Goes to the Nations. Revelation 7:9.

Chapter 13: How to Understand the Bible. Psalm 119:18; Psalm 119:130; Psalm 23:1; Proverbs 22:6; Isaiah 28:10; Jeremiah 29:11; Jeremiah 29:10; Matthew 5:17; Luke 24:45; Luke 24:27; John 5:39; Acts 8:30-31; Acts 17:11; Romans 10:4; 1 Corinthians 2:14; Galatians 3:24; Philippians 4:13; Philippians 4:11-12; Colossians 2:16-17; 1 Thessalonians 5:21; 2 Timothy 2:15; Hebrews 1–10; Hebrews 10:1; James 1:22; 2 Peter 3:16; 1 John 4:1; Revelation 3:20.

Chapter 14: A Survey of the Sixty-Six Books. Genesis 1:1; Genesis 1–2; Genesis 3; Genesis 3:15; Exodus 12:13; Leviticus 19:2; Numbers 23:19; Deuteronomy 6:4-5; Joshua 1:8; Judges 21:25; Ruth 1:16; 1 Samuel 16:7; 2 Samuel 7:16; 1 Kings 18:21; 2 Kings 17:23; 1 Chronicles 16:34; 2 Chronicles 7:14; Ezra 7:10; Nehemiah 8:10; Esther 4:14; Job 19:25; Psalm 150:6; Proverbs 1:7; Ecclesiastes 12:13; Song of Solomon 2:16; Isaiah 9:6; Jeremiah 31:31; Lamentations 3:22-23; Ezekiel 36:26; Daniel 2:44; Hosea 14:4; Joel 2:28; Amos 5:24; Obadiah 15; Jonah 2:9; Micah 6:8; Nahum 1:7; Habakkuk 2:4; Zephaniah 3:17; Haggai 2:9; Zechariah 9:9; Malachi 3:6; Matthew 16:16; Mark 10:45; Luke 19:10; John 20:31; Acts 1:8; Romans 1:16-17; 1 Corinthians 15:3-4; 2 Corinthians 12:9; Galatians 2:20; Ephesians 1:3; Philippians 1:21; Colossians 1:18; 1 Thessalonians 4:13; 2 Thessalonians 3:3; 1 Timothy 3:15; 2 Timothy 3:16; Titus 2:11-12; Philemon 16; Hebrews 11:1; James 2:17; 1 Peter 1:3; 2 Peter 3:18; 1 John 5:13; 2 John 6; 3 John 4; Jude 3; Revelation 1:8; Revelation 21–22.

Chapter 15: Questions Honestly Asked. Numbers 21:14; Joshua 10:13; Matthew 28:2-5; Matthew 27:5; Luke 24:4; John 20:12; Acts 1:18; 1 Corinthians 5:9; Colossians 4:16; 1 Thessalonians 5:20-21; 2 Timothy 3:15-17; 1 John 4:1.

Chapter 16: Living by the Word. Deuteronomy 6:6-7; Deuteronomy 4:2; Joshua 1:8; Psalm 1:2; Psalm 119:11; Psalm 119:18; Matthew 4:4, 7, 10; Mark 7:13; Acts 2:42; Acts 17:11; Romans 10:17; Romans 10:14-15; Ephesians 6:17; 1 Timothy 4:13; 2 Timothy 2:2; 2 Timothy 3:15; James 1:22; 1 Peter 2:2; Jude 3.

A note on verification. Ancient works are cited by their standard divisions and may be found in any edition. Modern works are cited for their general support of the points made, and page numbers are not given. Dates for ancient events are approximate where marked “c.” Readers who wish to quote or rely on a specific detail should check it against the source.