Appendix B. Outline for a Research Proposal and Ethics Application

Title, researchers, institutions and partners.

Background and rationale: context, gap, relevance to the country or region.

Research questions and objectives.

Literature review, including local and regional scholarship.

Methodology: design, sampling, instruments, languages, data collection, analysis.

Ethics: risks and benefits; consent; confidentiality; vulnerable participants; community engagement; compensation; data protection; safety.

Positionality and reflexivity.

Partnerships and capacity building: roles, authorship, benefit sharing.

Permits and approvals: list of agencies and status.

Timeline and budget.

Dissemination plan: academic outputs, community feedback, languages.

Data management plan: storage, sharing, archiving, retention.

References and appendices: instruments, consent forms, letters of support.