Chapter 16. Science, Technology and Society

Technology applies scientific knowledge to solve practical problems. Science and technology advance together: new instruments allow new discoveries, which lead to new technologies [1][2].

Scientific literacy means being able to evaluate claims, understand evidence and take part in informed decisions. Good questions to ask: What is the evidence? Who is the source? Has it been peer reviewed? Do other studies agree? What are the limits and uncertainties?

Recognizing weak claims. Warning signs include anecdotes in place of data, cherry-picked evidence, no control group, appeals to authority without evidence, and conclusions that go beyond the data.

Ethics. Responsible research involves honesty, safety, respect for people and animals, fair credit and consideration of social effects.

Global challenges that call on science include climate change, clean energy, food and water security, disease prevention, biodiversity loss and responsible use of artificial intelligence [13].

Careers. Science supports careers in medicine, engineering, agriculture, environmental management, data science, teaching and many more.

Review: List two questions you should ask before accepting a scientific claim reported in the media.