13. Professional and High-Stakes Uses

Some domains demand stricter controls because errors can harm health, rights, finances, safety, or reputation. AI can help professionals prepare questions, organise documents, or understand general concepts, but it should not independently determine consequential outcomes.

13.1 Healthcare

AI can help explain general health terminology or prepare questions for a clinician, but it cannot reliably diagnose an individual from a brief prompt. Do not delay urgent care because of an AI response. Clinical decisions should be made by qualified professionals using appropriate records, examination, evidence, and regulation. Health information is sensitive and should not be entered into an unapproved service.

13.2 Law and regulation

AI can summarise a supplied legal text or help organise questions for a lawyer. Laws change and vary by jurisdiction; generated case citations and legal propositions must be checked against official legislation and reported judgments. Legal advice and filings should receive qualified review.

13.3 Human resources and education decisions

Do not delegate hiring, promotion, discipline, admissions, grading, or other decisions affecting people to an AI system without a lawful, transparent, validated, and accountable process. Evaluate bias, accessibility, appeal routes, data quality, and the possibility of discrimination. Human review must be meaningful rather than a rubber stamp.

13.4 Science and engineering

AI may assist with literature exploration, code, simulations, experimental planning, or data interpretation. Researchers and engineers must independently validate calculations, methods, safety assumptions, and results. For safety-critical work, follow domain standards, testing requirements, and independent review.